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| Home | Year 10 | Year 11 | AS Units | A2 Units |
Year 11 - Industrial Uses of Chemicals |
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| Aluminium | Saucepans. Cooking foil and food containers. In alloys for making aircraft. Electric cables (steel core). |
| Ammonia | Manufacture of HNO3 and ammonium salts. |
| Ammonium salts : | |
| chloride | batteries |
| nitrate | explosive/fertiliser |
| sulphate | fertilizer |
| Argon | In lamps |
| Calcium carbonate | Manufacture of iron. Manufacture of cement. |
| Calcium hydroxide | Neutralizing acid soils and wastes. In buildings (mortar). |
| Ceramics | Electrical insulator, |
| Chlorine | As a bleach, for cotton and paper. In making PVC. |
| Copper | Electric cables. Water pipes. Cooking utensils. |
| Ethanol | Making Esters. As a solvent. In cosmetics. Fuel. |
| Helium | In balloons. |
| Hydrogen | Hydrogenation of oils (to fats). Making tungsten. Fuel. |
| Iron | In making steel. As a catalyst in the Haber process. |
| Nitric acid | Making explosives. Fertilizers. |
| Nitrogen | in annealing steel. Inert atmosphere (food). Refrigeration. |
| Oil fractions : | |
| petrol | fuel for cars |
| paraffin (kerosene) | stoves; aircraft fuel |
| diesel | engines |
| lubricating oils | lubricants, waxes, polishes |
| bitumen | making roads. |
| Oxygen | Steel production, Oxy-ethyne (acetylene) cutting and welding, Medical. |
| Polymers (general) | Electrical insulators. |
| Silver compounds | Photography. |
| Sodium | As a coolant for nuclear reactors, as a reagent in the organic chemicals industry, making titanium. |
| Sodium hydroxide | Making soap, in paper manufacture. |
| Steel (mild) | Car bodies, machinery. |
| Steel (stainless) | Large-scale chemical reaction vessels, cutlery. |
| Sulphur | Burnt to give S02 for H2S04, making rubbers. |
| Sulphur dioxide | H2S04 manufacture, as a mild bleach, preserving food. |
| Sulphuric acid | Fertilizers (phosphate, ammonium sulphate ), detergents, paint manufacture. |
| Water | Drinking, cleaning. |
| Zinc | Galvanising of iron, making brass. |
written by Dr Richard Clarkson : © Saturday, 1 November 1997
updated : Tuesday, 29th July, 2008
mail to: chemistryrules
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